Fig. 1, This is a process matrix W that describes the “links” between Alice and Bob. For example, it could simply route the input state ρ(in) to Alice Ma and then to Bob Mb (solid line) or vice versa (dashed line).

Is Cause and Effect a Fundamental Law of Physics?

Experimental Verification That Entanglement Can Cause the Temporal Order of Events to be Indeterminate.

May 9, 2021

Introduction

Most of us have assumed, up until now, that all events have a definite temporal order, and that a cause always has an effect, and an effect always has a cause. The notion of causality is an innate concept of our common sense, which defines the link between physical phenomena that temporally follow one another , with one phenomenon manifestly being the cause of the other. However, in quantum mechanics, causality is not explicitly defined or part of the calculations of the evolution of a wave function.

In addition, we have some ongoing mysteries regarding the nature and characteristics of entanglement. But, researchers have been doing experiments involving entangled particles to learn more about it. This research may soon illuminate the nature of entanglement, and its relationship to time, space, and the quantum foam. (See “Measuring the Quantum Foam”, by John Karpinsky in Medium.)

In Fig. 1, we give an example of a process matrix that shows two cases. Either Alice goes before Bob, or Bob goes before Alice. In this article, we will summarize the following paper by Rubino et al (1), in which they measure quantum particles, which they…